可再生能源是中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要能源，其中沼氣發(fā)電是可再生能源的重要利用。合理有效地利用這種新能源，可以為中國(guó)農(nóng)村和農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來(lái)很大的幫助。集諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)于一體的沼氣，是各種有機(jī)物在一定的溫度、濕度、pH值和空氣隔絕條件下，經(jīng)微生物發(fā)酵分解而成的一種可燃?xì)怏w，因在沼澤中被發(fā)現(xiàn)而得名。沼氣的主要成分是甲烷(CH4)，此外還有二氧化碳(約30%-40%)。它無(wú)色、無(wú)味、無(wú) 毒，密度約為空氣的55%，不溶于水，易燃，1米甲烷的熱量為35857千焦耳。沼氣技術(shù)是利用生化方法對(duì)畜禽糞便和工業(yè)有機(jī)廢水進(jìn)行處理的技術(shù)。由于其成本低，治療效果好，在實(shí)踐中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。但單純利用沼氣集中供氣供熱，覆蓋面有限，可靠性低，而利用沼氣作為燃料發(fā)電和局部發(fā)電，發(fā)電量可以隨著沼氣產(chǎn)量的變化而靈活調(diào)整，可以充分利用沼氣。

Renewable energy is an important energy source for China to achieve sustainable development, among which biogas power generation is an important utilization of renewable energy. Reasonably and effectively utilizing this new energy can bring great help to the development of rural and agricultural areas in China. Biogas, which combines many advantages, is a combustible gas formed by microbial fermentation and decomposition of various organic substances under certain temperature, humidity, pH value, and air isolation conditions. It is named after its discovery in swamps. The main component of biogas is methane (CH4), in addition to carbon dioxide (about 30% -40%). It is colorless, odorless, non-toxic, with a density of about 55% of air, insoluble in water, flammable, and has a heat of 35857 kilojoules per meter of methane. Biogas technology is a technology that uses biochemical methods to treat livestock manure and industrial organic wastewater. Due to its low cost and good therapeutic effect, it has been widely applied in practice. However, simply using biogas for centralized gas supply and heating has limited coverage and low reliability. However, using biogas as fuel for power generation and local power generation can flexibly adjust the power generation with changes in biogas production, making full use of biogas.

沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的沼氣發(fā)電技術(shù)是一種集環(huán)保與節(jié)能為一體的新型能源綜合利用技術(shù)。它是利用工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)或城市生活中大量的有機(jī)廢液(如糧食、畜禽糞便、城市垃圾和污水等)，將厭氧發(fā)酵處理產(chǎn)生的沼氣，帶動(dòng)沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組發(fā)電，并能充分利用發(fā)電機(jī)組的余熱進(jìn)行沼氣生產(chǎn)，使綜合熱效率達(dá)到80%左右，且遠(yuǎn)高于平均30% - 40%的發(fā)電效率，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益是顯著的。沼氣發(fā)電技術(shù)本身就是提供的清潔能源，不僅解決了沼氣工程中的環(huán)境問(wèn)題，消耗了大量的廢棄物，保護(hù)了環(huán)境，減少了溫室氣體的排放，而且產(chǎn)生了大量的熱能和電能，符合能源回收利用的環(huán)保理念，還帶來(lái)了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

The biogas power generation technology of biogas generator sets is a new energy comprehensive utilization technology that integrates environmental protection and energy conservation. It utilizes a large amount of organic waste liquid (such as grain, animal manure, urban garbage, and sewage) from industrial, agricultural, or urban life to produce anaerobic fermentation biogas, which drives the biogas generator unit to generate electricity. It can fully utilize the waste heat of the generator unit for biogas production, achieving a comprehensive thermal efficiency of about 80%, which is much higher than the average power generation efficiency of 30% -40%. The economic benefits are significant. The biogas power generation technology itself provides clean energy, which not only solves environmental problems in biogas engineering, consumes a large amount of waste, protects the environment, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but also generates a large amount of thermal and electrical energy, which conforms to the environmental protection concept of energy recycling and utilization, and brings huge economic benefits.

沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的沼氣發(fā)電是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)工程，它包括沼氣生產(chǎn)、沼氣凈化儲(chǔ)存、沼氣發(fā)電與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入等單元技術(shù)優(yōu)化結(jié)合。沼氣發(fā)電始于20世紀(jì)70年代初。為了合理地利用有機(jī)廢物污染處理中產(chǎn)生的沼氣。沼氣發(fā)電在中國(guó)的研究和應(yīng)用也有多年的歷史，由于開(kāi)始使用沼氣多是在農(nóng)村把植物和糞肥等有機(jī)廢物厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生在池中，雖然甲烷和地面量大，但產(chǎn)氣量小，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率小，而且沼氣產(chǎn)量常受氣候影響，氣體組成、熱值和產(chǎn)氣量不穩(wěn)定。近年來(lái)，隨著全國(guó)各地農(nóng)牧養(yǎng)雞場(chǎng)大中型沼氣項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)，一些發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廠改造生產(chǎn)了大型動(dòng)力沼氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，并應(yīng)用于大中型沼氣發(fā)電項(xiàng)目的部分領(lǐng)域。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)成熟的沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的功率規(guī)格主要集中在24-600KW區(qū)間。從沼氣項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)氣量來(lái)看，很多沼氣項(xiàng)目都適合建設(shè)500kW以上的沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組。從沼氣項(xiàng)目的產(chǎn)氣量和用電負(fù)荷的性質(zhì)來(lái)看，20kW以下的發(fā)電機(jī)組也有很大的市場(chǎng)。例如，一個(gè)10000豬場(chǎng)沼氣項(xiàng)目，日沼氣80m3.顯然不適合在線發(fā)電，只適合內(nèi)部用電。其沼澤電一般用于驅(qū)動(dòng)沼氣工程污水泵、豬場(chǎng)通風(fēng)機(jī)、照明等，因此宜配一臺(tái)10kW左右的發(fā)電機(jī)組。類似的沼氣項(xiàng)目很多，可見(jiàn)對(duì)小功率沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組的需求也是很大的。中國(guó)農(nóng)村可用于沼氣發(fā)電的應(yīng)用前景廣闊，資源十分豐富。

The biogas power generation of biogas generating units is a systematic project, which includes the optimization and combination of unit technologies such as biogas production, biogas purification and storage, biogas power generation and Internet access. Biogas power generation began in the early 1970s. In order to make reasonable use of the biogas generated in the treatment of organic waste pollution. The research and application of biogas power generation in China also has a long history. Due to the fact that biogas was first used in rural areas, organic waste such as plants and manure were anaerobic fermented and produced in ponds. Although methane and ground production are large, the gas production is small, the engine power is small, and the biogas production is often affected by climate, resulting in unstable gas composition, calorific value, and gas production. In recent years, with the construction of large and medium-sized biogas projects in agricultural and poultry farms across the country, some engine factories have transformed and produced large-scale power biogas engines, which have been applied in some fields of large and medium-sized biogas power generation projects. At present, the power specifications of mature biogas generators in China are mainly concentrated in the range of 24-600KW. From the perspective of biogas production, many biogas projects are suitable for constructing biogas generators with a power output of over 500kW. From the perspective of the gas production and electricity load of biogas projects, there is also a large market for generator sets below 20kW. For example, a 10000 pig farm biogas project with a daily biogas output of 80m3 is obviously not suitable for online power generation, only for internal electricity consumption. The swamp power is generally used to drive sewage pumps, pig farm ventilation fans, lighting, etc. in biogas engineering, so it is recommended to equip a generator set of about 10kW. There are many similar biogas projects, indicating a high demand for low-power biogas generators. The application prospects of biogas power generation in rural China are broad, and the resources are very abundant.